Occurrence and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in the surrounding surface soils of the Ittehad Chemical Industries Kalashah Kaku,Pakistan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jabir Hussain Syed  Riffat Naseem Malik 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(6):1311-1321

Surface soil and sediment samples were collected from the surroundings of the Ittehad Chemical Industries Kalashah Kaku industrial zone to assess residual level of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and identify their sources. DDTs and HCHs were most prevalent OCPs and general pattern of contamination followed the order: ∑DDT > ∑HCH > dicofol > endrin > heptachlor > dieldrin > endosulfan II. Total measured concentrations of HCHs (6.38–121.71 ng/g) and DDTs (759.65–1811.98 ng/g) were greater in the soil samples collected from fodder/rice fields irrigated with the factory effluents and in the surrounding of waste disposal site. Ratios of β to γ-HCH highlighted an old mixed source of technical HCH and lindane in surface soils. Predominance of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE among isomers and metabolites showed that large quantity of technical grade DDT is still present in the surrounding surface soils. Six soil samples were categorized as heavy polluted soils (class III category of DDT > 1,000 ng/g), two soil samples into less polluted soil between class I and II (50–500 ng/g) and 28 soil samples as non-polluted (<50 ng/g) according to environmental quality standards for surface soils. Six soil samples were categorized as less polluted between class I and II of HCHs (50–500 ng/g). Greater concentration of DDTs and HCHs above quality guideline poses potential exposure risk to biological organisms, safety of agricultural products and human health in the surrounding of the Ittehad Chemical Industries.  相似文献   

Vermicomposting: An Eco‐Friendly Option for Fermentation and Dye Decolourization Waste Disposal     

Prachi Kaushik  Anushree Malik  Satyawati Sharma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(6):616-621

By‐products of various industrial fermentations can be good adsorbents for removing hazardous dyes from wastewater. However, after biosorption, regeneration of biomass is essential to minimize the solid waste generation or else the dye laden biomass should be suitably disposed off. In the present work, experiments were conducted on the Acid Navy Blue and Methylene Blue dyes which were biosorbed to the fungal biomass (strain closely related to Aspergillus lentulus) produced on corncob as the substrate through solid state fermentation. In order to dispose the dye laden biomass, it was vermicomposted along with cow dung (CD) employing Eisenia fetida. Results indicated that the dye laden biomass was not lethal toward the earthworms as no mortality was observed. However, as compared with control experiments (where dye laden biomass was absent), the reproductive potential of the earthworms was affected. Nevertheless, further investigations on optimization of biomass and CD ratios can facilitate vermicomposting as a potential route for disposing dye laden biomass.  相似文献   

The influence of the South-west Indian monsoon on continental deposition over the past 130 kyr, Gujarat, western India     

A.S. Khadkikar  G. Mathew  J.N. Malik  T.K. Gundu Rao  M.P. Chowgaonkar  S.S. Merh 《地学学报》1999,11(6):273-277

Ocean and ice core records of the intensity of the South-west Indian Monsoon (SwIM) show rapid shifts in most proxy indicators of climate over the past 125 kyr on decadal to millenial scales. However, the responses of continental environments to such perturbations remain unknown due to the absence of a suitable long-term continental record. The stratigraphic record from Gujarat, western India, an area where all sedimentological processes are governed by the vagaries of the SwIM, reveals three aggradation phases that represent deposits of seasonal rivers (AP1), ephemeral rivers (AP2) and dust storms (AP3). Based on a review of available dates and new ESR dates on the oldest exposed calcretes from palaeovertisols these phases are assigned the time brackets 135–100 kyr bp (AP1), 100–20 kyr bp (AP2) and 20–6 kyr bp (AP3). These results suggest that continental depositional environments respond in a subdued manner and are separated by thresholds. For climate shifts to effect durable changes in the continental depositional environment, a period between > 5 kyr and 16 kyr is the minimum time required to permanently change the landscape of an area. Alternatively, catastrophic changes in terrestrial depositional environments may also be effected by abrupt climatic shifts that are beyond the tolerance limits of the depositional systems.  相似文献   

Remote Sensing and GIS based groundwater potential mapping for sustainable water resource management of Lidder catchment in Kashmir Valley,India     

Mohammad Imran Malik  M. Sultan Bhat  Shahnaz Ahmad Najar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(6):716-726

The valley of Kashmir is blessed with abundant water resources. However, high population growth and concentration of population at favorable locations have resulted in increased demand for water. The problem is further aggravated in Lidder catchment where unplanned tourism development has resulted in deterioration of water quality. Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) approach is adopted using IRS P6 LISS III satellite data 2010, geological map published by Geological Survey of India, toposheets prepared by Survey of India, 1961 and field observation. Seven thematic layers (slope, lineament density, drainage density, soil, geology, geomorphology and land use land cover) are generated in GIS environment and weighted according to their relative relevance to groundwater occurrence. Knowledge-based weights and ranks are normalized, and a weighted linear combination technique is adopted to determine the groundwater potential (GWP). The catchment is divided into five zones of very high, high, medium, low and very low GWP. The results show that 50.22% of the total catchment area, which is uninhabited, has very low GWP. However, the densely populated southern part of the catchment has moderate to very high GWP. The study demonstrates that MCE using remote sensing and GIS technology could be efficiently employed as a very useful tool for the assessment and management of groundwater resources especially in regions where data is poor.  相似文献   

Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India     

Zubair A. Malik  Rajiv Pandey  Ajay Ballabh Bhatt 《山地科学学报》2016,13(1):69-82

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya, India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density, Total Basal Cover (TBC) of cut stumps, lopping percentage and grazing intensities. On the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances (%), the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed (HD), moderately disturbed (MD) and least disturbed (LD) categories. The HD forests had the lowest canopy cover, lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover, highest density and highest TBC. The MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these parameters. Species richness was least in HD forests, highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate position. The percentage of regenerating species was lowest (54%) in HD and highest (72%) in MD. The density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and LD. We concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely; however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity; affects regeneration and changes community characteristics. Construction of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing, fuelwood collection and fodder extraction. If all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation, it will result in a significant loss of species. Therefore, various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects, which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances, should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.  相似文献   

Industry market reaction to natural disasters: do firm characteristics and disaster magnitude matter?     

Malik  Ihtisham A.  Faff  Robert 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(3):2963-2994

This study investigates the factors that drive US industry sectors’ response to domestic natural disasters for the period 1987–2018. In general, our results show that not all local industry portfolios experience more negative impacts than non-local industries. We find that location does matter, but the nature of the industry itself is also important. Moreover, results for firm size show that big firms outperform small firms, across many industry settings. Finally, disaster severity analysis reveals that industries react differently to disasters of different magnitudes, and the response also varies across the different disaster measures. Our findings provide a basis for development of equity reaction prediction in the event of natural disasters, thus mitigating the disaster risk.

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Characteristics of moisture flux convergence in Central Southwest Asia     

Khalid M. Malik  Peter A. Taylor  Kit Szeto 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,120(3-4):643-659

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Nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability     

S. K. Malik  M. Singh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,90(1):45-50

The Rayleigh-Taylor instability in hydromagnetics is investigated with the use of the method of multiple scales. It is shown that when the wavenumberK is equal to the critical wavenumberK _c , the amplitude modulation of a standing wave can be described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation from which the nonlinear cutoff wavenumber is subsequently derived.  相似文献   

Nonlinear magneto-acoustic dispersive waves     

S. K. Malik  M. Singh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1977,48(1):47-52

The multiple time scale method is applied to investigate the nonlinear magneto-acoustic dispersive waves in a collisional plasma. Whereas in the absence of collisions these waves are modulationally stable, the collisions render them modulationally unstable.  相似文献   

Investigation of seabed fishing impacts on benthic structure using multi-beam sonar, sidescan sonar, and video     

Malik  Mashkoor A.; Mayer  Larry A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(5):1053-1065

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